Kei te Piki Tonu Ngā Utu Tuku i Ngā Raina Maha!

I tēnei wā tuku iho mō te tuku kaipuke, kua noho ko ngā wāhi tuku kaipuke kikī, ko te pikinga o ngā utu utanga, me te kaha o te wā tuku kaipuke hei kupu matua i roto i te mākete. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i tukuna e te Shanghai Shipping Exchange, mai i te mutunga o Poutū-te-rangi 2024 ki nāianei, kua piki ake te utu utanga mai i te Tauranga o Shanghai ki te mākete tauranga taketake i Amerika ki te Tonga mā te 95.88%, ā, kua piki ake te utu utanga mai i te Tauranga o Shanghai ki te mākete tauranga taketake i Ūropi mā te 43.88%.

E tātarihia ana e ngā kaimātai o roto i te umanga ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pikinga ake o te tono mākete i Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika me te pakanga roa i te Moana Whero ngā tino take mō te pikinga o ngā utu utanga i tēnei wā. I te taenga mai o te wā tuku kaipuke tuku iho, tera pea ka piki tonu ngā utu tuku ipu a meake nei.

Neke atu i te 20% te pikinga o ngā utu kaipuke ki Ūropi i roto i te wiki kotahi

Mai i te tīmatanga o Āperira 2024, kua piki haere tonu te Shanghai Export Content Freight Index i tukuna e te Shanghai Shipping Exchange. Ko ngā raraunga i tukuna i te 10 o Mei i whakaatu ko te taupū utu uta whānui o ngā ipu kaweake a Shanghai he 2305.79 ngā tohu, he pikinga 18.8% mai i te wiki o mua, he pikinga 33.21% mai i te 1730.98 ngā tohu i te 29 o Poutū-te-rangi, me te pikinga 33.21% mai i te 1730.98 ngā tohu i te 29 o Poutū-te-rangi, he teitei ake i tērā i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2023 i mua i te pakarutanga o te raruraru o te Moana Whero. He pikinga 132.16%.

I roto i ēnei, ko ngā huarahi ki Amerika ki te Tonga me Ūropi te hunga i tino piki ake. Ko te utu utanga (utu utanga moana me ngā utu tāpiri utanga moana) i kaweake mai i te Tauranga o Shanghai ki te mākete tauranga taketake o Amerika ki te Tonga he US$5,461/TEU (ipu he 20 putu te roa, e mōhiotia ana ko TEU), he pikinga 18.1% mai i te wā o mua, ā, he pikinga 95.88% mai i te mutunga o Poutū-te-rangi. Ko te utu utanga (utu tāpiri kaipuke me ngā utu tāpiri kaipuke) i kaweake mai i te Tauranga o Shanghai ki te mākete tauranga taketake o Ūropi he US$2,869/TEU, he pikinga nui o te 24.7% mai i te wiki o mua, he pikinga 43.88% mai i te mutunga o Poutū-te-rangi, ā, he pikinga 305.8% mai i Noema 2023.

I roto i tētahi uiuinga ki ngā kairīpoata, i kī te kaiwhakahaere o te pakihi kaipuke o te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe mamati o te ao, a Yunqunar Logistics Technology Group (e kiia nei i muri nei ko "Yunqunar"), mai i te mutunga o Āperira o tēnei tau, e kitea ana kua piki ake ngā kaipuke ki Amerika Latina, ki Ūropi, ki Amerika Te Raki, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu utanga mō ngā huarahi i te Middle East, Īnia me Pakitāne, ā, kua tino kitea te pikinga i te marama o Mei.

I whakaatuhia hoki e ngā raraunga i tukuna e Drewry, he tari rangahau me te tohutohu kaipuke, i te 10 o Mei, kua piki te Drewry World Container Index (WCI) ki te $3,159/FEU (ipu he 40 putu te roa) i tēnei wiki (i te 9 o Mei), he rite ki te tau 2022. I piki ake mā te 81% ki te whakataurite ki te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa, ā, he 122% teitei ake i te taumata toharite o te US$1,420/FEU i mua i te mate urutā i te tau 2019.

Nō nā tata nei, he maha ngā kamupene kaipuke, tae atu ki te Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, me Hapag-Lloyd, kua pānuitia he pikinga utu. Hei tauira, me tango te CMA CGM. I te mutunga o Paenga-whāwhā, i pānuitia e te CMA CGM mai i te 15 o Mei, ka whakatikatikaina e rātou ngā paerewa FAK (Freight All Kinds) hou mō te huarahi Āhia-Te Tai Tokerau o Ūropi ki te US$2,700/TEU me te US$5,000/FEU. I mua, i piki ake rātou mā te US$500/TEU me te US$1,000/FEU; i te 10 o Mei, i pānuitia e te CMA CGM mai i te 1 o Hune, ka piki ake te utu FAK mō ngā utanga i tukuna mai i Āhia ki ngā tauranga Nordic. Ko te paerewa hou he US$6,000/FEU. Kua piki ake anō mā te $1,000/FEU.

I roto i tētahi hui waea tata nei, i kī a Ke Wensheng, te Tumu Whakarae o te kamupene kaipuke nui o te ao, a Maersk, kua piki ake te nui o ngā utanga i runga i ngā huarahi Pākehā a Maersk mā te 9%, nā te kaha o te tono mai i ngā kaikawemai Pākehā kia whakakīia ā rātou taonga. Heoi anō, kua ara ake anō te raruraru o te wāhi kuiti, ā, he maha ngā kaikawe kaipuke me utu i ngā utu utanga teitei ake hei karo i ngā whakaroa utanga.

Ahakoa kei te piki haere ngā utu kaipuke, kei te piki haere hoki ngā utu tereina utanga Haina-Ūropi. I kōrero tētahi kaituku utanga e whakahaere ana i ngā tereina utanga Haina-Ūropi ki ngā kairīpoata kua tino piki ake te tono utanga mō ngā tereina utanga Haina-Ūropi, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu utanga i runga i ētahi raina mā te US$200-300, ā, tera pea ka piki tonu i ngā rā kei te heke mai. "Kua piki ake te utu o ngā utanga moana, ā, kāore e taea e te wāhi putunga me te wā tika te whakatutuki i ngā tono a ngā kiritaki, ka tukuna ētahi taonga ki ngā uta tereina. Heoi, he iti te kaha kawe tereina, ā, kua tino piki ake te tono mō te wāhi kaipuke i roto i te wā poto, ka tino pā ki ngā utu utanga."

Ka hoki mai te raruraru o te korenga o ngā ipu

"Ahakoa he kaipuke, he rēriwe rānei, he iti noa iho ngā ipu. I ētahi wāhi, kāore e taea te tono pouaka. He nui ake te utu reti ipu i te pikinga o ngā utu utanga," te kōrero a tētahi tangata i roto i te umanga ipu i Guangdong ki ngā kairīpoata.

Hei tauira, i kī ia ko te utu mō te whakamahi i tētahi ipu 40HQ (ipu 40-putu te teitei) i runga i te huarahi Haina-Ūropi i te tau kua hipa he US$500-600, ā, i piki ake ki te US$1,000-1,200 i te marama o Hānuere o tēnei tau. Inaianei kua piki ake ki te neke atu i te US$1,500, ā, kua neke atu i te US$2,000 i ētahi wāhi.

I kōrero anō tētahi kaikawe utanga i te Tauranga o Shanghai ki ngā kairīpoata kua kī tonu ētahi o ngā papa uta i tāwāhi i ngā ipu, ā, he nui te korenga o ngā ipu i Haina. Kua piki ake te utu o ngā pouaka kau i Shanghai me Duisburg, Tiamana, mai i te US$1,450 i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi ki te US$1,900 o nāianei.

I kī te kaiwhakahaere o te pakihi kaipuke o Yunqunar kua whakahuatia ake nei, ko tētahi o ngā take nui o te pikinga o ngā utu reti ipu ko te mea nā te pakanga i te Moana Whero, he tokomaha ngā kaipupuri kaipuke i peka atu ki te Cape of Good Hope, ā, nā tēnei i roa ake ai te hurihanga o ngā ipu i te wā noa, e 2-3 wiki pea, ā, ka mutu, ka takoto kau ngā ipu. Ka puhoi haere te rere o ngā moni.

Ko ngā ia o te mākete kaipuke o te ao (mai i te tīmatanga ki waenganui o Mei) i tukuna e Dexun Logistics i te 9 o Mei i tohu mai i muri i te hararei o te Rā o Mei, kāore te āhua o te tuku ipu whānui i tino pai ake. He rerekē ngā taumata o te korenga o ngā ipu, inā koa ngā ipu nunui me ngā ipu teitei, ā, kei te whakapakari tonu ētahi kamupene kaipuke i te mana whakahaere i te whakamahinga o ngā ipu i ngā huarahi o Amerika Latina. Kua tuhia ngā ipu hou i hangaia ki Haina i mua i te mutunga o Hune.

I te tau 2021, i te pānga o te mate urutā COVID-19, "i te tuatahi ka heke te mākete hokohoko o tāwāhi, kātahi ka piki ake", ā, i pāngia te mekameka kawe taonga o te ao e te maha o ngā āhuatanga tino ohorere. Kāore i te maeneene te rere o ngā ipu e marara ana puta noa i te ao, ā, he tino koretake te tohatoha o ngā ipu puta noa i te ao. He maha ngā ipu kau e noho puku ana i te United States, Europe, Australia me ētahi atu wāhi, ā, he iti te tuku ipu kaweake o tōku whenua. Nō reira, kua kī tonu ngā kamupene ipu i ngā ota, ā, kua kī tonu te kaha whakaputa. Nō te mutunga o te tau 2021 ka āta heke te korenga o ngā pouaka.

I te whakapainga ake o te tuku ipu me te hokinga mai o te whai huatanga o te mahi i roto i te mākete kaipuke o te ao, he nui rawa ngā ipu kau i noho ki te mākete o roto mai i te tau 2022 ki te 2023, tae noa ki te korenga o ngā ipu i tēnei tau.

Tērā pea ka piki tonu ngā utu utanga

Mō ngā take o te pikinga tere o ngā utu utanga i ngā wā tata nei, i tātarihia e te kaiwhakahaere o te pakihi kaipuke o YQN kua whakahuatia ake nei ki ngā kairīpoata, tuatahi, kua mutu te wāhanga tango taonga a te Hononga o Amerika, ā, kua uru ki te wāhanga whakakī anō. Kua piki haere te taumata o te rahinga kawe o te huarahi whakawhiti-Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, kua piki ake te pikinga o ngā utu utanga. Tuarua, hei karo i ngā whakatikatika taripa pea a te Hononga o Amerika, kua whakamahia e ngā kamupene e haere ana ki te mākete o Amerika te mākete o Amerika Latina, tae atu ki te umanga hanga motuka, te umanga hanganga, me ētahi atu, ā, kua whakawhiti i ā rātou raina whakaputa ki Amerika Latina, ka hua ake he pahūtanga nui o te tono mō ngā huarahi o Amerika Latina. He maha ngā kamupene kaipuke Huarahi ki Mexico i tāpirihia hei whakatutuki i te pikinga o te tono. Tuatoru, kua puta te korenga o te rauemi i runga i ngā huarahi Pākehā nā te āhuatanga i te Moana Whero. Mai i ngā wāhi kaipuke ki ngā ipu kau, kei te piki haere hoki ngā utu utanga Pākehā. Tuawhā, ko te wā tino nui o te hokohoko ā-ao tuku iho he mua ake i ngā tau o mua. Ko te tikanga, ko Hune i ia tau ka uru ki te wā hoko raumati ki tāwāhi, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu utanga. I piki ake ngā utu utanga o tēnei tau kotahi marama i mua atu i ērā o ngā tau kua hipa, ko te tikanga kua tae wawe mai te wā hokohoko nui o tēnei tau.

I tukuna e Zheshang Securities tētahi pūrongo rangahau i te 11 o Mei, ko te taitara "Me pēhea te tiro i te pikinga o ngā utu kaipuke ipu?" I kīia ko te pakanga roa i te Moana Whero kua arahi ki ngā taupatupatu mekameka tuku. I tētahi taha, ko ngā peka o ngā kaipuke kua arahi ki te pikinga o ngā tawhiti kaipuke. , I tētahi atu taha, ko te hekenga o te pai o te huringa kaipuke kua arahi ki te huringa ipu iti i ngā tauranga, ka whakanui ake i ngā taupatupatu mekameka tuku. Hei tāpiri, kei te pai haere te taha tono, kei te pai haere ngā raraunga ōhanga whānui i Uropi me te Hononga o Amerika, ā, me ngā tumanakohanga mō te pikinga o ngā utu utanga i te wā tino nui, kei te hoko taonga ngā kaipupuri utanga i mua. I tua atu, kua uru te raina US ki tētahi wā nui o te hainatanga whakaaetanga roa, ā, kei te hihiri ngā kamupene kaipuke ki te whakapiki i ngā utu.

I taua wā anō, e whakapono ana te pūrongo rangahau ko te tauira kukū teitei me ngā hononga ahumahi i roto i te umanga kaipuke ipu kua hanga he kaha akiaki ki te whakapiki i ngā utu. I kī a Zheshang Securities he nui te kukū o ngā kamupene kaipuke ipu hokohoko ki tāwāhi. I te 10 o Mei, 2024, ko ngā kamupene kaipuke ipu tekau o runga rawa i eke ki te 84.2% o te kaha kawe. Hei tāpiri, kua hangaia ngā hononga ahumahi me te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kamupene. I tetahi taha, i roto i te horopaki o te taiao tuku me te tono e kino haere ana, he pai ki te whakaroa i te whakataetae utu kino mā te whakamutu i ngā haerenga me te whakahaere i te kaha kawe. I tetahi atu taha, i roto i te horopaki o te whanaungatanga tuku me te tono e whakapai ake ana, e tumanakohia ana ka eke ki ngā utu utanga teitei ake mā te pikinga utu tahi.

Mai i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2023, kua maha ngā whakaekenga a ngā ope taua Houthi o Yemen i ngā kaipuke i te Moana Whero me ngā wai tata. He maha ngā kamupene kaipuke nunui o te ao kāore he huarahi kē atu i te whakamutu i te whakaterenga o ā rātou kaipuke ipu i te Moana Whero me ōna wai tata, me te whakarerekē i ō rātou huarahi huri noa i te Cape of Good Hope i Āwherika. I tēnei tau, kei te piki haere tonu te āhua o te Moana Whero, ā, kua āraia ngā ara kaipuke, inā koa te mekameka tuku taonga o Āhia-Ūropi, kua tino pāngia.

Mō te ia o te mākete kaipuke ipu ā muri ake nei, i kī a Dexun Logistics, i runga i te āhuatanga o nāianei, ka noho kaha tonu ngā utu utanga i roto i ngā rā tata nei, ā, kei te whakamahere kē ngā kamupene kaipuke i tētahi wāhanga hou o te whakapikinga utu utanga.

"Ka piki tonu ngā utu utanga ipu i ngā rā kei te heke mai. Tuatahi, kei te haere tonu te wā hokohoko ki tāwāhi, ā, ka tū ngā Olympics ki Ūropi i te marama o Hūrae o tēnei tau, ka piki ake pea ngā utu utanga; tuarua, kua mutu te tango i ngā taonga i Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika, ā, kei te piki tonu ngā tumanakohanga mō te whanaketanga o te umanga hokohoko o te whenua. Nā te pikinga o te tono me te iti o te kaha tuku kaipuke, e matapaetia ana ka piki tonu ngā utu utanga i roto i te wā poto," te kī a te puna Yunqunar kua whakahuatia ake nei.